API Reference

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`Astro` global

The Astro global is available in all contexts in .astro files. It has the following functions:

`Astro.glob()`

Astro.glob() is a way to load many local files into your static site setup.

---
const posts = await Astro.glob('../pages/post/*.md'); // returns an array of posts that live at ./src/pages/post/*.md
---

<div>
{posts.slice(0, 3).map((post) => (
  <article>
    <h2>{post.frontmatter.title}</h2>
    <p>{post.frontmatter.description}</p>
    <a href={post.url}>Read more</a>
  </article>
))}
</div>

.glob() only takes one parameter: a relative URL glob of which local files you’d like to import. It’s asynchronous, and returns an array of the exports from matching files.

.glob() can’t take variables or strings that interpolate them, as they aren’t statically analyzable. (See the troubleshooting guide for a workaround.) This is because Astro.glob() is a wrapper of Vite’s import.meta.glob().

You can also use import.meta.glob() itself in your Astro project. You may want to do this when:

You need this feature in a file that isn’t .astro, like an API route. Astro.glob() is only available in .astro files, while import.meta.glob() is available anywhere in the project.
You don’t want to load each file immediately. import.meta.glob() can return functions that import the file content, rather than returning the content itself. Note that this import includes all styles and scripts for any imported files. These will be bundled and added to the page whether or not a file is actually used, as this is decided by static analysis, not at runtime.
You want access to each file’s path. import.meta.glob() returns a map of a file’s path to its content, while Astro.glob() returns a list of content.
You want to pass multiple patterns; for example, you want to add a “negative pattern” that filters out certain files. import.meta.glob() can optionally take an array of glob strings, rather than a single string.

Markdown Files

Markdown files have the following interface:

export interface MarkdownInstance<T extends Record<string, any>> {
  /* Any data specified in this file's YAML frontmatter */
  frontmatter: T;
  /* The file path of this file */
  file: string;
  /* The rendered path of this file */
  url: string | undefined;
  /* Astro Component that renders the contents of this file */
  Content: AstroComponent;
  /* Function that returns an array of the h1...h6 elements in this file */
  getHeadings(): Promise<{ depth: number; slug: string; text: string }[]>;
}

You can optionally provide a type for the frontmatter variable using a TypeScript generic.

---
interface Frontmatter {
  title: string;
  description?: string;
}
const posts = await Astro.glob<Frontmatter>('../pages/post/*.md');
---

<ul>
  {posts.map(post => <li>{post.frontmatter.title}</li>)}
</ul>

Astro Files

Astro files have the following interface:

export interface AstroInstance {
  /* The file path of this file */
  file: string;
  /* The URL for this file (if it is in the pages directory) */
  url: string | undefined;
  default: AstroComponent;
}

Other Files

Other files may have various different interfaces, but Astro.glob() accepts a TypeScript generic if you know exactly what an unrecognized file type contains.

---
interface CustomDataFile {
  default: Record<string, any>;
}
const data = await Astro.glob<CustomDataFile>('../data/**/*.js');
---

`Astro.props`

Astro.props is an object containing any values that have been passed as component attributes. Layout components for .md and .mdx files receive frontmatter values as props.

---
const { title, date } = Astro.props;
---
<div>
  <h1>{title}</h1>
  <p>{date}</p>
</div>

---
import Heading from '../components/Heading.astro';
---
<Heading title="My First Post" date="09 Aug 2022" />

Learn more about how Markdown and MDX Layouts handle props.

Learn how to add TypeScript type definitions for your props.

`Astro.params`

Astro.params is an object containing the values of dynamic route segments matched for this request.

In static builds, this will be the params returned by getStaticPaths() used for prerendering dynamic routes.

In SSR builds, this can be any value matching the path segments in the dynamic route pattern.

---
export function getStaticPaths() {
  return [
    { params: { id: '1' } },
    { params: { id: '2' } },
    { params: { id: '3' } }
  ];
}

const { id } = Astro.params;
---
<h1>{id}</h1>

`Astro.request`

Astro.request is a standard Request object. It can be used to get the url, headers, method, and even body of the request.

<p>Received a {Astro.request.method} request to "{Astro.request.url}".</p>
<p>Received request headers: <code>{JSON.stringify(Object.fromEntries(Astro.request.headers))}</code>

`Astro.response`

Astro.response is a standard ResponseInit object. It has the following structure.

status: The numeric status code of the response, e.g., 200.
statusText: The status message associated with the status code, e.g., 'OK'.
headers: A Headers instance that you can use to set the HTTP headers of the response.

Astro.response is used to set the status, statusText, and headers for a page’s response.

---
if(condition) {
  Astro.response.status = 404;
  Astro.response.statusText = 'Not found';
}
---

Or to set a header:

---
Astro.response.headers.set('Set-Cookie', 'a=b; Path=/;');
---

`Astro.cookies`

أُضيفت في: astro@1.4.0

Astro.cookies contains utilities for reading and manipulating cookies in server-side rendering mode.

`get`

Type: (key: string, options?: CookieGetOptions) => AstroCookie

Gets the cookie as an AstroCookie object, which contains the value and utility functions for converting the cookie to non-string types.

`has`

Type: (key: string) => boolean

Whether this cookie exists. If the cookie has been set via Astro.cookies.set() this will return true, otherwise it will check cookies in the Astro.request.

`set`

Type: (key: string, value: string | number | boolean | object, options?: CookieSetOptions) => void

Sets the cookie key to the given value. This will attempt to convert the cookie value to a string. Options provide ways to set cookie features, such as the maxAge or httpOnly.

`delete`

Type: (key: string, options?: CookieDeleteOptions) => void

Marks the cookie as deleted. Once a cookie is deleted Astro.cookies.has() will return false and Astro.cookies.get() will return an AstroCookie with a value of undefined. Options allow setting the domain and path of the cookie to delete.

`headers`

Type: () => Iterator<string>

Gets the header values for Set-Cookie that will be sent out with the response.

`AstroCookie`

Getting a cookie via Astro.cookies.get() returns a AstroCookie type. It has the following structure.

`value`

Type: string | undefined

The raw string value of the cookie.

`json`

Type: () => Record<string, any>

Parses the cookie value via JSON.parse(), returning an object. Throws if the cookie value is not valid JSON.

`number`

Type: () => number

Parses the cookie value as a Number. Returns NaN if not a valid number.

`boolean`

Type: () => boolean

Converts the cookie value to a boolean.

`CookieGetOptions`

أُضيفت في: astro@4.1.0

Getting a cookie also allows specifying options via the CookieGetOptions interface:

`decode`

Type: (value: string) => string

Allows customization of how a cookie is deserialized into a value.

`CookieSetOptions`

أُضيفت في: astro@4.1.0

Setting a cookie via Astro.cookies.set() allows passing in a CookieSetOptions to customize how the cookie is serialized.

`domain`

Type: string

Specifies the domain. If no domain is set, most clients will interpret to apply to the current domain.

`expires`

Type: Date

Species the date on which the cookie will expire.

`httpOnly`

Type: boolean

If true, the cookie will not be accessible client-side.

`maxAge`

Type: number

Specifies a number, in seconds, for which the cookie is valid.

`path`

Type: string

Specifies a subpath of the domain in which the cookie is applied.

`sameSite`

Type: boolean | 'lax' | 'none' | 'strict'

Specifies the value of the SameSite cookie header.

`secure`

Type: boolean

If true, the cookie is only set on https sites.

`encode`

Type: (value: string) => string

Allows customizing how the cookie is serialized.

`Astro.redirect()`

Astro.redirect() allows you to redirect to another page. A page (and not a child component) must return the result of Astro.redirect() for the redirect to occur.

---
import { isLoggedIn } from '../utils';

const cookie = Astro.request.headers.get('cookie');

// If the user is not logged in, redirect them to the login page
if (!isLoggedIn(cookie)) {
  return Astro.redirect('/login');
}
---

`Astro.canonicalURL`

The canonical URL of the current page.

`Astro.url`

أُضيفت في: astro@1.0.0-rc

A URL object constructed from the current Astro.request.url URL string value. Useful for interacting with individual properties of the request URL, like pathname and origin.

Equivalent to doing new URL(Astro.request.url).

<h1>The current URL is: {Astro.url}</h1>
<h1>The current URL pathname is: {Astro.url.pathname}</h1>
<h1>The current URL origin is: {Astro.url.origin}</h1>

You can also use Astro.url to create new URLs by passing it as an argument to new URL().

---
// Example: Construct a canonical URL using your production domain
const canonicalURL = new URL(Astro.url.pathname, Astro.site);
// Example: Construct a URL for SEO meta tags using your current domain
const socialImageURL = new URL('/images/preview.png', Astro.url);
---
<link rel="canonical" href={canonicalURL} />
<meta property="og:image" content={socialImageURL} />

`Astro.clientAddress`

أُضيفت في: astro@1.0.0-rc

Specifies the IP address of the request. This property is only available when building for SSR (server-side rendering) and should not be used for static sites.

---
const ip = Astro.clientAddress;
---

<div>Your IP address is: <span class="address">{ ip }</span></div>

`Astro.site`

Astro.site returns a URL made from site in your Astro config. If site in your Astro config isn’t defined, Astro.site won’t be defined.

`Astro.generator`

أُضيفت في: astro@1.0.0

Astro.generator is a convenient way to add a <meta name="generator"> tag with your current version of Astro. It follows the format "Astro v1.x.x".

<html>
  <head>
    <meta name="generator" content={Astro.generator} />
  </head>
  <body>
    <footer>
      <p>Built with <a href="https://astro.build">{Astro.generator}</a></p>
    </footer>
  </body>
</html>

`Astro.slots`

Astro.slots contains utility functions for modifying an Astro component’s slotted children.

`Astro.slots.has()`

Type: (slotName: string) => boolean

You can check whether content for a specific slot name exists with Astro.slots.has(). This can be useful when you want to wrap slot contents, but only want to render the wrapper elements when the slot is being used.

---
---
<slot />

{Astro.slots.has('more') && (
  <aside>
    <h2>More</h2>
    <slot name="more" />
  </aside>
)}

`Astro.slots.render()`

Type: (slotName: string, args?: any[]) => Promise<string>

You can asynchronously render the contents of a slot to a string of HTML using Astro.slots.render().

---
const html = await Astro.slots.render('default');
---
<Fragment set:html={html} />

Astro.slots.render() optionally accepts a second argument: an array of parameters that will be forwarded to any function children. This can be useful for custom utility components.

For example, this <Shout /> component converts its message prop to uppercase and passes it to the default slot:

---
const message = Astro.props.message.toUpperCase();
let html = '';
if (Astro.slots.has('default')) {
  html = await Astro.slots.render('default', [message]);
}
---
<Fragment set:html={html} />

A callback function passed as <Shout />’s child will receive the all-caps message parameter:

---
import Shout from "../components/Shout.astro";
---
<Shout message="slots!">
  {(message) => <div>{message}</div>}
</Shout>

<!-- renders as <div>SLOTS!</div> -->

`Astro.self`

Astro.self allows Astro components to be recursively called. This behaviour lets you render an Astro component from within itself by using <Astro.self> in the component template. This can be helpful for iterating over large data stores and nested data-structures.

---
const { items } = Astro.props;
---
<ul class="nested-list">
  {items.map((item) => (
    <li>
      <!-- If there is a nested data-structure we render `<Astro.self>` -->
      <!-- and can pass props through with the recursive call -->
      {Array.isArray(item) ? (
        <Astro.self items={item} />
      ) : (
        item
      )}
    </li>
  ))}
</ul>

This component could then be used like this:

---
import NestedList from './NestedList.astro';
---
<NestedList items={['A', ['B', 'C'], 'D']} />

And would render HTML like this:

<ul class="nested-list">
  <li>A</li>
  <li>
    <ul class="nested-list">
      <li>B</li>
      <li>C</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>D</li>
</ul>

`Astro.locals`

Astro.locals is an object containing any values from the context.locals object from a middleware. Use this to access data returned by middleware in your .astro files.

---
const title = Astro.locals.welcomeTitle();
const orders = Array.from(Astro.locals.orders.entries());
---
<h1>{title}</h1>
<ul>
    {orders.map(order => {
        return <li>{/* do something with each order */}</li>
    })}
</ul>

`Astro.preferredLocale`

Astro.preferredLocale is a computed value that represents the preferred locale of the user.

It is computed by checking the configured locales in your i18n.locales array and locales supported by the users’s browser via the header Accept-Language. This value is undefined if no such match exists.

This property is only available when building for SSR (server-side rendering) and should not be used for static sites.

`Astro.preferredLocaleList`

Astro.preferredLocaleList represents the array of all locales that are both requested by the browser and supported by your website. This produces a list of all compatible languages between your site and your visitor.

If none of the browser’s requested languages are found in your locales array, then the value is []: you do not support any of your visitor’s preferred locales.

If the browser does not specify any preferred languages, then this value will be i18n.locales: all of your supported locales will be considered equally preferred by a visitor with no preferences.

This property is only available when building for SSR (server-side rendering) and should not be used for static sites.

`Astro.currentLocale`

The locale computed from the current URL, using the syntax specified in your locales configuration. If the URL does not contain a /[locale]/ prefix, then the value will default to i18n.defaultLocale.

Endpoint Context

Endpoint functions receive a context object as the first parameter. It mirrors many of the Astro global properties.

import type { APIContext } from 'astro';

export function GET(context: APIContext) {
  // ...
}

`context.params`

context.params is an object containing the values of dynamic route segments matched for this request.

In static builds, this will be the params returned by getStaticPaths() used for prerendering dynamic routes.

In SSR builds, this can be any value matching the path segments in the dynamic route pattern.

import type { APIContext } from 'astro';

export function getStaticPaths() {
  return [
    { params: { id: '1' } },
    { params: { id: '2' } },
    { params: { id: '3' } }
  ];
}

export function GET({ params }: APIContext) {
  return new Response(
    JSON.stringify({ id: params.id }),
  );
}

`context.props`

context.props is an object containing any props passed from getStaticPaths(). Because getStaticPaths() is not used when building for SSR (server-side rendering), context.props is only available in static builds.

import type { APIContext } from 'astro';

export function getStaticPaths() {
  return [
    { params: { id: '1' }, props: { author: 'Blu' } },
    { params: { id: '2' }, props: { author: 'Erika' } },
    { params: { id: '3' }, props: { author: 'Matthew' } }
  ];
}

export function GET({ props }: APIContext) {
  return new Response(
    JSON.stringify({ author: props.author }),
  );
}

`context.request`

A standard Request object. It can be used to get the url, headers, method, and even body of the request.

import type { APIContext } from 'astro';

export function GET({ request }: APIContext) {
  return new Response(`Hello ${request.url}`);
}

`context.cookies`

context.cookies contains utilities for reading and manipulating cookies.

`context.url`

A URL object constructed from the current context.request.url URL string value.

`context.clientAddress`

Specifies the IP address of the request. This property is only available when building for SSR (server-side rendering) and should not be used for static sites.

import type { APIContext } from 'astro';

export function GET({ clientAddress }: APIContext) {
  return new Response(`Your IP address is: ${clientAddress}`);
}

`context.site`

context.site returns a URL made from site in your Astro config. If undefined, this will return a URL generated from localhost.

`context.generator`

context.generator is a convenient way to indicate the version of Astro your project is running. It follows the format "Astro v1.x.x".

import type { APIContext } from 'astro';

export function GET({ generator, site }: APIContext) {
  const body = JSON.stringify({ generator, site });
  return new Response(body);
}

`context.redirect()`

context.redirect() returns a Response object that allows you to redirect to another page. This function is only available when building for SSR (server-side rendering) and should not be used for static sites.

import type { APIContext } from 'astro';

export function GET({ redirect }: APIContext) {
  return redirect('/login', 302);
}

`context.locals`

context.locals is an object used to store and access arbitrary information during the lifecycle of a request.

Middleware functions can read and write the values of context.locals:

import type { MiddlewareHandler } from 'astro';

export const onRequest: MiddlewareHandler = ({ locals }, next) => {
  if (!locals.title) {
    locals.title = "Default Title";
  }
  return next();
}

API endpoints can only read information from context.locals:

import type { APIContext } from 'astro';

export function GET({ locals }: APIContext) {
  return new Response(locals.title); // "Default Title"
}

`getStaticPaths()`

If a page uses dynamic params in the filename, that component will need to export a getStaticPaths() function.

This function is required because Astro is a static site builder. That means that your entire site is built ahead of time. If Astro doesn’t know to generate a page at build time, your users won’t see it when they visit your site.

---
export async function getStaticPaths() {
  return [
    { params: { /* required */ }, props: { /* optional */ } },
    { params: { ... } },
    { params: { ... } },
    // ...
  ];
}
---
<!-- Your HTML template here. -->

The getStaticPaths() function should return an array of objects to determine which paths will be pre-rendered by Astro.

It can also be used in static file endpoints for dynamic routing.

`params`

The params key of every returned object tells Astro what routes to build. The returned params must map back to the dynamic parameters and rest parameters defined in your component filepath.

params are encoded into the URL, so only strings are supported as values. The value for each params object must match the parameters used in the page name.

For example, suppose that you have a page at src/pages/posts/[id].astro. If you export getStaticPaths from this page and return the following for paths:

---
export async function getStaticPaths() {
  return [
    { params: { id: '1' } },
    { params: { id: '2' } },
    { params: { id: '3' } }
  ];
}

const { id } = Astro.params;
---
<h1>{id}</h1>

Then Astro will statically generate posts/1, posts/2, and posts/3 at build time.

Data Passing with `props`

To pass additional data to each generated page, you can also set a props value on every returned path object. Unlike params, props are not encoded into the URL and so aren’t limited to only strings.

For example, suppose that you generate pages based off of data fetched from a remote API. You can pass the full data object to the page component inside of getStaticPaths:

---
export async function getStaticPaths() {
  const data = await fetch('...').then(response => response.json());

  return data.map((post) => {
    return {
      params: { id: post.id },
      props: { post },
    };
  });
}

const { id } = Astro.params;
const { post } = Astro.props;
---
<h1>{id}: {post.name}</h1>

You can also pass a regular array, which may be helpful when generating or stubbing a known list of routes.

---
export async function getStaticPaths() {
  const posts = [
    {id: '1', category: "astro", title: "API Reference"},
    {id: '2', category: "react", title: "Creating a React Counter!"}
  ];
  return posts.map((post) => {
    return {
      params: { id: post.id },
      props: { post }
    };
  });
}
const {id} = Astro.params;
const {post} = Astro.props;
---
<body>
  <h1>{id}: {post.title}</h1>
  <h2>Category: {post.category}</h2>
</body>

Then Astro will statically generate posts/1 and posts/2 at build time using the page component in pages/posts/[id].astro. The page can reference this data using Astro.props:

`paginate()`

Pagination is a common use-case for websites that Astro natively supports via the paginate() function. paginate() will automatically generate the array to return from getStaticPaths() that creates one URL for every page of the paginated collection. The page number will be passed as a param, and the page data will be passed as a page prop.

export async function getStaticPaths({ paginate }) {
  // Load your data with fetch(), Astro.glob(), etc.
  const response = await fetch(`https://pokeapi.co/api/v2/pokemon?limit=150`);
  const result = await response.json();
  const allPokemon = result.results;

  // Return a paginated collection of paths for all posts
  return paginate(allPokemon, { pageSize: 10 });
}

// If set up correctly, The page prop now has everything that
// you need to render a single page (see next section).
const { page } = Astro.props;

paginate() assumes a file name of [page].astro or [...page].astro. The page param becomes the page number in your URL:

/posts/[page].astro would generate the URLs /posts/1, /posts/2, /posts/3, etc.
/posts/[...page].astro would generate the URLs /posts, /posts/2, /posts/3, etc.

paginate() has the following arguments:

pageSize - The number of items shown per page
params - Send additional parameters for creating dynamic routes
props - Send additional props to be available on each page

The pagination `page` prop

Pagination will pass a page prop to every rendered page that represents a single page of data in the paginated collection. This includes the data that you’ve paginated (page.data) as well as metadata for the page (page.url, page.start, page.end, page.total, etc). This metadata is useful for things like a “Next Page” button or a “Showing 1-10 of 100” message.

`page.data`

Type: Array

Array of data returned from data() for the current page.

`page.start`

Type: number

Index of first item on current page, starting at 0. (e.g. if pageSize: 25, this would be 0 on page 1, 25 on page 2, etc.)

`page.end`

Type: number

Index of last item on current page.

`page.size`

Type: number

How many items per-page.

`page.total`

Type: number

The total number of items across all pages.

`page.currentPage`

Type: number

The current page number, starting with 1.

`page.lastPage`

Type: number

The total number of pages.

`page.url.current`

Type: string

Get the URL of the current page (useful for canonical URLs).

`page.url.prev`

Type: string | undefined

Get the URL of the previous page (will be undefined if on page 1).

`page.url.next`

Type: string | undefined

Get the URL of the next page (will be undefined if no more pages).

`import.meta`

All ESM modules include a import.meta property. Astro adds import.meta.env through Vite.

import.meta.env.SSR can be used to know when rendering on the server. Sometimes you might want different logic, like a component that should only be rendered in the client:

export default function () {
  return import.meta.env.SSR ? <div class="spinner"></div> : <FancyComponent />;
}

Images (`astro:assets`)

`getImage()`

The getImage() function is intended for generating images destined to be used somewhere else than directly in HTML, for example in an API Route. It also allows you to create your own custom <Image /> component.

getImage() takes an options object with the same properties as the Image component (except alt).

---
import { getImage } from "astro:assets";
import myBackground from "../background.png"

const optimizedBackground = await getImage({src: myBackground, format: 'avif'})
---

<div style={`background-image: url(${optimizedBackground.src});`}></div>

It returns an object with the following properties:

{
  options: {...} // Original parameters passed
  src: "https//..." // Path to the generated image
  attributes: {...} // Additional HTML attributes needed to render the image (width, height, style, etc..)
}

Content Collections (`astro:content`)

أُضيفت في: astro@2.0.0

Content collections offer APIs to configure and query your Markdown or MDX documents in src/content/. For features and usage examples, see our content collections guide.

`defineCollection()`

defineCollection() is a utility to configure a collection in a src/content/config.* file.

import { z, defineCollection } from 'astro:content';
const blog = defineCollection({
  type: 'content',
  schema: z.object({
    title: z.string(),
    permalink: z.string().optional(),
  }),
});

// Expose your defined collection to Astro
// with the `collections` export
export const collections = { blog };

This function accepts the following properties:

`type`

أُضيفت في: astro@2.5.0

Type: 'content' | 'data'
Default: 'content'

type is a string that defines the type of entries stored within a collection:

'content' - for content-authoring formats like Markdown (.md), MDX (.mdx), or Markdoc (.mdoc)
'data' - for data-only formats like JSON (.json) or YAML (.yaml)

`schema`

Type: TSchema extends ZodType

schema is an optional Zod object to configure the type and shape of document frontmatter for a collection. Each value must use a Zod validator.

See the Content Collection guide for example usage.

`reference()`

Type: (collection: string) => ZodEffects<ZodString, { collection, id: string } | { collection, slug: string }>

The reference() function is used in the content config to define a relationship, or “reference,” from one collection to another. This accepts a collection name and validates the entry identifier(s) specified in your content frontmatter or data file.

This example defines references from a blog author to the authors collection and an array of related posts to the same blog collection:

import { defineCollection, reference, z } from 'astro:content';

const blog = defineCollection({
  type: 'content',
  schema: z.object({
    // Reference a single author from the `authors` collection by `id`
    author: reference('authors'),
    // Reference an array of related posts from the `blog` collection by `slug`
    relatedPosts: z.array(reference('blog')),
  })
});

const authors = defineCollection({
  type: 'data',
  schema: z.object({ /* ... */ })
});

export const collections = { blog, authors };

See the Content Collection guide for example usage.

`getCollection()`

Type: (collection: string, filter?: (entry: CollectionEntry<collection>) => boolean) => CollectionEntry<collection>[]

getCollection() is a function that retrieves a list of content collection entries by collection name.

It returns all items in the collection by default, and accepts an optional filter function to narrow by entry properties. This allows you to query for only some items in a collection based on id, slug, or frontmatter values via the data object.

---
import { getCollection } from 'astro:content';

// Get all `src/content/blog/` entries
const allBlogPosts = await getCollection('blog');

// Only return posts with `draft: true` in the frontmatter
const draftBlogPosts = await getCollection('blog', ({ data }) => {
  return data.draft === true;
});
---

See the Content Collection guide for example usage.

`getEntry()`

أُضيفت في: astro@2.5.0

Types:

(collection: string, contentSlugOrDataId: string) => CollectionEntry<collection>
({ collection: string, id: string }) => CollectionEntry<collection>
({ collection: string, slug: string }) => CollectionEntry<collection>

getEntry() is a function that retrieves a single collection entry by collection name and either the entry id (for type: 'data' collections) or entry slug (for type: 'content' collections). getEntry() can also be used to get referenced entries to access the data, body, or render() properties:

---
import { getEntry } from 'astro:content';

// Get `src/content/blog/enterprise.md`
const enterprisePost = await getEntry('blog', 'enterprise');

// Get `src/content/captains/picard.yaml`
const picardProfile = await getEntry('captains', 'picard');

// Get the profile referenced by `data.captain`
const enterpriseCaptainProfile = await getEntry(enterprise.data.captain);
---

See the Content Collections guide for examples of querying collection entries.

`getEntries()`

أُضيفت في: astro@2.5.0

Types:

(Array<{ collection: string, id: string }>) => Array<CollectionEntry<collection>>
(Array<{ collection: string, slug: string }>) => Array<CollectionEntry<collection>>

getEntries() is a function that retrieves multiple collection entries from the same collection. This is useful for returning an array of referenced entries to access their associated data, body, and render() properties.

---
import { getEntries } from 'astro:content';

const enterprisePost = await getEntry('blog', 'enterprise');

// Get related posts referenced by `data.relatedPosts`
const enterpriseRelatedPosts = await getEntries(enterprisePost.data.relatedPosts);
---

`getEntryBySlug()`

Type: (collection: string, slug: string) => CollectionEntry<collection>

getEntryBySlug() is a function that retrieves a single collection entry by collection name and entry slug.

---
import { getEntryBySlug } from 'astro:content';

const enterprise = await getEntryBySlug('blog', 'enterprise');
---

See the Content Collection guide for example usage.

Collection Entry Type

Query functions including getCollection(), getEntry(), and getEntries() each return entries with the CollectionEntry type. This type is available as a utility from astro:content:

import type { CollectionEntry } from 'astro:content';

The CollectionEntry<TCollectionName> type is an object with the following values. TCollectionName is the name of the collection you’re querying (e.g. CollectionEntry<'blog'>).

`id`

Available for: type: 'content' and type: 'data' collections
Example Types:

content collections: 'entry-1.md' | 'entry-2.md' | ...
data collections: 'author-1' | 'author-2' | ...

A unique ID using the file path relative to src/content/[collection]. Enumerates all possible string values based on the collection entry file paths. Note that collections defined as type: 'content' include the file extension in their ID, while collections defined as type: 'data' do not.

`collection`

Available for: type: 'content' and type: 'data' collections
Example Type: 'blog' | 'authors' | ...

The name of a top-level folder under src/content/ in which entries are located. This is the name used to reference the collection in your schema, and in querying functions.

`data`

Available for: type: 'content' and type: 'data' collections
Type: CollectionSchema<TCollectionName>

An object of frontmatter properties inferred from your collection schema (see defineCollection() reference). Defaults to any if no schema is configured.

`slug`

Available for: type: 'content' collections only
Example Type: 'entry-1' | 'entry-2' | ...

A URL-ready slug for Markdown or MDX documents. Defaults to the id without the file extension, but can be overridden by setting the slug property in a file’s frontmatter.

`body`

Available for: type: 'content' collections only
Type: string

A string containing the raw, uncompiled body of the Markdown or MDX document.

`render()`

Available for: type: 'content' collections only
Type: () => Promise<RenderedEntry>

A function to compile a given Markdown or MDX document for rendering. This returns the following properties:

<Content /> - A component used to render the document’s contents in an Astro file.
headings - A generated list of headings, mirroring Astro’s getHeadings() utility on Markdown and MDX imports.
remarkPluginFrontmatter - The modified frontmatter object after any remark or rehype plugins have been applied. Set to type any.

---
import { getEntryBySlug } from 'astro:content';
const entry = await getEntryBySlug('blog', 'entry-1');

const { Content, headings, remarkPluginFrontmatter } = await entry.render();
---

See the Content Collection guide for example usage.

Middleware (`astro:middleware`)

أُضيفت في: astro@2.6.0

Middleware allows you to intercept requests and responses and inject behaviors dynamically every time a page or endpoint is about to be rendered. For features and usage examples, see our middleware guide.

`onRequest()`

A required exported function from src/middleware.js that will be called before rendering every page or API route. It accepts two optional arguments: context and next(). onRequest() must return a Response: either directly, or by calling next().

export function onRequest (context, next) {
    // intercept response data from a request
    // optionally, transform the response
    // return a Response directly, or the result of calling `next()`
    return next();
};

`next()`

A function that intercepts (reads and modifies) the Response of a Request or calls the “next” middleware in the chain and returns a Response. For example, this function could modify the HTML body of a response.

This is an optional argument of onRequest(), and may provide the required Response returned by the middleware.

`sequence()`

A function that accepts middleware functions as arguments, and will execute them in the order in which they are passed.

import { sequence } from "astro:middleware";

async function validation(_, next) {...}
async function auth(_, next) {...}
async function greeting(_, next) {...}

export const onRequest = sequence(validation, auth, greeting);

`createContext()`

A low-level API to create an APIContextto be passed to an Astro middleware onRequest() function.

This function can be used by integrations/adapters to programmatically execute the Astro middleware.

`trySerializeLocals()`

A low-level API that takes in any value and tries to return a serialized version (a string) of it. If the value cannot be serialized, the function will throw a runtime error.

Built-in Components

Astro includes several built-in components for you to use in your projects. All built-in components are available in .astro files via import {} from 'astro:components';.

`<Code />`

---
import { Code } from 'astro:components';
---
<!-- Syntax highlight some JavaScript code. -->
<Code code={`const foo = 'bar';`} lang="js" />
<!-- Optional: Customize your theme. -->
<Code code={`const foo = 'bar';`} lang="js" theme="dark-plus" />
<!-- Optional: Enable word wrapping. -->
<Code code={`const foo = 'bar';`} lang="js" wrap />
<!-- Optional: Output inline code. -->
<p>
  <Code code={`const foo = 'bar';`} lang="js" inline />
  will be rendered inline.
</p>

This component provides syntax highlighting for code blocks at build time (no client-side JavaScript included). The component is powered internally by Shiki and it supports all popular themes and languages. Plus, you can add your custom themes and languages by passing them to theme and lang respectively.

`<Fragment />`

A component used with set:* directives to render HTML content without any additional wrapping elements:

---
const htmlString = '<p>Raw HTML content</p>';
---
<Fragment set:html={htmlString} />

See more about using fragments in Astro syntax.

`<Prism />`

To use the Prism highlighter component, first install the @astrojs/prism package:

npm install @astrojs/prism

pnpm add @astrojs/prism

yarn add @astrojs/prism

---
import { Prism } from '@astrojs/prism';
---
<Prism lang="js" code={`const foo = 'bar';`} />

This component provides language-specific syntax highlighting for code blocks by applying Prism’s CSS classes. Note that you need to provide a Prism CSS stylesheet (or bring your own) for syntax highlighting to appear! See the Prism configuration section for more details.

See the list of languages supported by Prism where you can find a language’s corresponding alias. And, you can also display your Astro code blocks with lang="astro"!

`<Image />`

---
// import the Image component and the image
import { Image } from 'astro:assets';
import myImage from "../assets/my_image.png"; // Image is 1600x900
---

<!-- `alt` is mandatory on the Image component -->
<Image src={myImage} alt="A description of my image." />

<!-- Output -->
<!-- Image is optimized, proper attributes are enforced -->
<img
  src="/_astro/my_image.hash.webp"
  width="1600"
  height="900"
  decoding="async"
  loading="lazy"
  alt="A description of my image."
/>

Properties

src (required)
alt (required)
width and height (required for public/ and remote images)
format
quality
densities
widths

In addition to the properties above, the <Image /> component accepts all properties accepted by the HTML <img> tag.

See more in the Images Guide.

`<Picture />`

أُضيفت في: astro@3.3.0

Use the built-in <Picture /> Astro component to display a responsive image with multiple formats and/or sizes.

---
import { Picture } from 'astro:assets';
import myImage from "../assets/my_image.png"; // Image is 1600x900
---

<!-- `alt` is mandatory on the Picture component -->
<Picture src={myImage} formats={['avif', 'webp']} alt="A description of my image." />

<!-- Output -->
<picture>
  <source srcset="/_astro/my_image.hash.avif" type="image/avif" />
  <source srcset="/_astro/my_image.hash.webp" type="image/webp" />
  <img
    src="/_astro/my_image.hash.png"
    width="1600"
    height="900"
    decoding="async"
    loading="lazy"
    alt="A description of my image."
  />
</picture>

See more in the Images Guide.

Properties

<Picture /> accepts all the properties of the <Image /> component, plus the following:

`formats`

An array of image formats to use for the <source> tags. By default, this is set to ['webp'].

`fallbackFormat`

Format to use as a fallback value for the <img> tag. Defaults to .png for static images, .gif for animated images, and .svg for SVG files.

`pictureAttributes`

An object of attributes to be added to the <picture> tag. Use this property to apply attributes to the outer <picture> element itself. Attributes applied to the <Picture /> component directly will apply to the inner <img> element, except for those used for image transformation.

`<Content />`

A generic component used to render the content of a content collection entry.

First, query one or more entries using getCollection() or getEntry(). Then, the entry.render() function can return the <Content /> component for use in a .astro file template.

---
import { getEntry } from 'astro:content';
const entry = await getEntry('blog', 'post-1');
const { Content } = await entry.render();
---
<p>Published on: {entry.data.published.toDateString()}</p>
<Content />

`<ViewTransitions />`

Opt in to using view transitions on individual pages by importing and adding the <ViewTransitions /> routing component to <head> on every desired page.

---
import { ViewTransitions } from 'astro:transitions';
---
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <title>My Homepage</title>
    <ViewTransitions />
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Welcome to my website!</h1>
  </body>
</html>

See more about how to control the router and add transition directives to page elements and components.

`<Debug />`

---
import { Debug } from 'astro:components';
const serverObject = {
  a: 0,
  b: "string",
  c: {
    nested: "object"
  }
}
---
<Debug {serverObject} />

This component provides a way to inspect values on the client-side, without any JavaScript.

API Reference

Astro global

Astro.glob()

Markdown Files

Astro Files

Other Files

Astro.props

Astro.params

Astro.request

Astro.response

Astro.cookies

get

has

set

delete

headers

AstroCookie

value

json

number

boolean

CookieGetOptions

decode

CookieSetOptions

domain

expires

httpOnly

maxAge

path

sameSite

secure

encode

Astro.redirect()

Astro.canonicalURL

Astro.url

Astro.clientAddress

Astro.site

Astro.generator

Astro.slots

Astro.slots.has()

Astro.slots.render()

Astro.self

Astro.locals

Astro.preferredLocale

Astro.preferredLocaleList

Astro.currentLocale

Endpoint Context

context.params

context.props

context.request

context.cookies

context.url

context.clientAddress

context.site

context.generator

context.redirect()

context.locals

getStaticPaths()

params

Data Passing with props

paginate()

The pagination page prop

page.data

page.start

page.end

page.size

page.total

page.currentPage

page.lastPage

page.url.current

page.url.prev

page.url.next

import.meta

Images (astro:assets)

getImage()

Content Collections (astro:content)

defineCollection()

type

schema

reference()

`Astro` global

`Astro.glob()`

`Astro.props`

`Astro.params`

`Astro.request`

`Astro.response`

`Astro.cookies`

`get`

`has`

`set`

`delete`

`headers`

`AstroCookie`

`value`

`json`

`number`

`boolean`

`CookieGetOptions`

`decode`

`CookieSetOptions`

`domain`

`expires`

`httpOnly`

`maxAge`

`path`

`sameSite`

`secure`

`encode`

`Astro.redirect()`

`Astro.canonicalURL`

`Astro.url`

`Astro.clientAddress`

`Astro.site`

`Astro.generator`

`Astro.slots`

`Astro.slots.has()`

`Astro.slots.render()`

`Astro.self`

`Astro.locals`

`Astro.preferredLocale`

`Astro.preferredLocaleList`

`Astro.currentLocale`

`context.params`

`context.props`

`context.request`

`context.cookies`

`context.url`

`context.clientAddress`

`context.site`

`context.generator`

`context.redirect()`

`context.locals`

`getStaticPaths()`

`params`

Data Passing with `props`

`paginate()`

The pagination `page` prop

`page.data`

`page.start`

`page.end`

`page.size`

`page.total`

`page.currentPage`

`page.lastPage`

`page.url.current`

`page.url.prev`

`page.url.next`

`import.meta`

Images (`astro:assets`)

`getImage()`

Content Collections (`astro:content`)

`defineCollection()`

`type`

`schema`

`reference()`

`getCollection()`

`getEntry()`

`getEntries()`

`getEntryBySlug()`

`id`